I-VSWR, ilahleko yokubuya, ilahleko yokufakwa, ukuhlukaniswa, ibhalansi yesigaba, ibhalansi yobukhulu bebhulorho, ifomula yokubala

Kwi-RF kunye nobunjineli be-microwave, "ibhulorho" idla ngokubhekisa kwibhulorho ebhekisa kwicala (okanye ibhulorho yokulahleka kokubuya). Cinga ngayo njengohlobo olukhethekileyo lwe-coupler ebhekisa kwicala esetyenziselwa ukulinganisa indlela isixhobo esihambelana ngayo nenkqubo. Nazi iifomyula eziphambili zeeparameter zaso: